Interview questions for freshers/grads/intern for VLSI DV roles

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1. What is computer architecture, and why is it important?

2. Explain the difference between RISC and CISC architectures.

3. What is the von Neumann architecture? How does it work?

4. Describe the fetch-decode-execute cycle in a computer processor.

   1. explain 3-stage vs 5-stage pipeline , advantages, disadvantage, when to use which.​

5. What are the primary components of a CPU?

6. What is the difference between primary memory and secondary memory?

7. Explain the concept of pipelining in computer architecture. (why to use pipelining)​​

8. What is the role of the cache memory in a computer system?

9. Describe the difference between parallel processing and pipelining.

10. What is the purpose of the control unit in a CPU?

11. Explain the difference between Harvard architecture and von Neumann architecture.

12. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of multiprocessor systems.

13. What is the role of the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) in a computer processor?

14. Explain the concept of virtual memory and its significance.

15. Describe the concept of instruction-level parallelism (ILP) in computer architecture.

16. Explain the concept of superscalar architecture and its advantages.

17. What are the different levels of cache memory in a typical computer system?

18. Describe the concept of out-of-order execution and its benefits.

19. Explain the role of branch prediction in improving processor performance.

20. What is the purpose of the memory management unit (MMU) in a computer system?

21. Discuss the difference between big-endian and little-endian byte order.

22. What is the role of the system bus in connecting various components of a computer system?

23. Explain the difference between symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP).

24. What are the key differences between single-core and multi-core processors?

25. Discuss the role of the memory hierarchy in computer architecture.

26. What is the purpose of the interrupt mechanism in a computer system?

27. Explain the concept of cache coherence in a multiprocessor system.

28. Describe the benefits and challenges of using vector processing in computer architectures.

29. Discuss the role of the memory controller in managing the interaction between the processor and memory subsystem.